Photo: Andrew Fortugno, MD
By Drs. Stephanie Ives & Andrew Fortugno
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, yet many cases can be prevented or successfully treated when detected early. Understanding the different types of skin cancer, recognizing warning signs, and taking steps to protect your skin can significantly reduce your risk.
Understanding the Different Types of Skin Cancer
Skin cancer generally falls into two main categories: melanoma and non-melanoma cancers.
The most common non-melanoma skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequently diagnosed skin cancer, while squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common. Although both are generally considered less aggressive than melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma accounts for a significant number of skin cancer-related deaths because it occurs so frequently.
Melanoma is less common than other skin cancers, but is considered the most aggressive form. It has a greater likelihood of spreading to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early. For this reason, early diagnosis and treatment are critical.
Who Is at Risk?
The reality is that anyone can develop skin cancer. In fact, approximately one in five people will develop skin cancer by the age of 70. Certain factors can increase the risk, including:
- Fair skin
- Excessive sun exposure
- Use of tanning beds
- A history of severe sunburns
- A weakened immune system
- A family history of skin cancer
While these risk factors are significant it is equally important to remember that skin cancer can affect people of all skin tones, including those with naturally darker skin. Children can also develop skin cancer, making sun protection important for every age group.
Warning Signs You Shouldn't Ignore
Skin cancer can appear in many forms, but several warning signs should prompt a visit to a dermatologist. Be aware of spots or lesions that:
- Continue to grow
- Bleed easily
- Become painful, itchy, or otherwise symptomatic
- Fail to heal properly
When evaluating moles, dermatologists often recommend using the "ABCDE" rule to identify potential signs of melanoma:
A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other half.
B – Border Irregularity: The edges are uneven, blurred, or notched.
C – Color Variation: Multiple colors or uneven coloring are present within the mole.
D – Diameter: The mole is larger than 6 millimeters, about the size of a pencil eraser.
E – Evolution: The mole changes in size, shape, color, or appearance over time.
If you notice any of these warning signs, schedule an evaluation with a dermatologist as soon as possible. Additionally, annual skin examinations are recommended for individuals with fair skin or a family history of skin cancer.
Protecting Your Skin and Reducing Your Risk
The good news is that many cases of skin cancer can be prevented through simple protective measures. The most effective ways to reduce your risk include:
- Limiting unprotected sun exposure
- Avoiding tanning beds entirely
- Scheduling regular skin examinations with a dermatologist
- Wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen daily
- Choosing sun-protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses
- Seeking shade whenever possible
Skin cancer is highly treatable when caught early. Performing regular self-examinations, scheduling routine skin checks, and practicing smart sun safety habits can help detect problems before they become serious. Whether you spend your days outdoors or simply enjoy occasional time in the sun, protecting your skin today can have a lasting impact on your health for years to come.
